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Friday, April 27, 2012

electronic lattice bound materials

Classic Definitions: Of the millions of different chemical systems discovered since chemistry began, many are solids at room temperature. From the early days these solids have been classified in the four families, molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, based on the nature of the forces which bind the atoms. Ideal solids consist of an arrangement of atoms repeated indefinitely in space. The term extended solid refers to the case where the bonding between the atoms is reasonably uniform in strength throughout the structure (e.g. diamond, metallic Cu). An ionic material is an extended solid in which substantial charge transfer has occurred (e.g. NaCl). A molecular (or atomic) solid consists of small discrete molecules (or atoms) weakly bound together (e.g. solid CH4 or Xe, white P). The latter category should be characterised by low melting points (or low sublimation temperatures). Molecular solids are composed of groups of covalently bound atoms, i.e., molecules, held by weak charge-polarization (van der Waals) forces. In ionic solids, electrostatic attraction is the primary force binding cations and anions. Bonding in covalent solids is similar to that within molecules but extends over the whole crystallite. Metallic solids also exhibit extended bonding but, in addition, possess weakly bound, highly delocalized electrons easily moved by applied fields. Of course, this classification is somewhat artificial and many solids exhibit complex bonding in which more than one type of bonding is displayed. Molecular clusters in the solid state are naturally described nowadays with molecular-orbital models. The forces binding the fundamental units (atoms, ions or molecules) together may be essentially non-directional or directional. Non-directional forces result in structures based on close packing, while directional forces lead to more open structures, often based on linked polyhedra or groups of polyhedra. The two categories are now considered separately.

Darpa Definition: Extended solids are polymorphs/phases of simple molecules that are currently formed under ultrahigh pressure conditions where strong intermolecular bonding and tight crystal packing can be induced, leading to dramatic changes in physical, mechanical, and functional properties.

Darpa talks about extented high pressure phases. By this they apparently mean phases that can be induced by high pressure although high pressure is not needed to maintain them. This is not a very good use of the word, extended, which has been used to refer to the case where atomic or molecular bonding is reasonably uniform.. I assume they actually mean materials bound by an electronic lattice. The strength and QED properties of the electronic lattice often confers exceptional properties on the materials.

Sunday, April 22, 2012

Information from Brillouin Energy Corporation

Today's Swedish Lesson


A song, of course.




“Jag måste va’ barnvakt”

Jag måste va’ barnvakt.   Vara barnvakt åt denna tjej.   Vara barnvakt Hemma hos mig. Det e inte okej.  Att passa denna tjei.   Det e inte din grej.  Att passa inte som mig. Jag måste va’ barnvakt.   Jag måste va’ barnvakt.   
My translation:
I must be babysitting. Being babysitter for this girl. Babysitting at home with me. This is not okay. To accommodate this girl. The is not your thing. That does not suit me. I must be babysitting. I must be babysitting.
Mimmi%20&%20Mojje%20i%20fj%C3%A4llen%20del%204

Del 4 av 10. Mojjes kärleksemester i fjällen ser ut att inte riktigt bli som han tänkt sig. Inte nog med att Plåstret dykt upp dessutom är grabbarna i bandet inte så glada över att bo i ett ruckel i fjällen i stället för en bungalow på en strand i Karibien.

My translation:

Part 4 of 10. Mojje's love holiday in the mountains seems to be not quite what he intended. Not only has the crack surfaced, but in addition, the guys in the band are not so happy to live in a shack in the mountains instead of a bungalow on a beach in the Caribbean

Saturday, April 21, 2012

Electronic Lattices


The visible world consists of electronic lattices composed of orbitrons, spinons and holons.  An orbitron is a particle with an angular momentum quantum number.  In one form, its oscillations may give rise to neutrinos.  A holon is usually defined as synonym for chargon, but is sometimes defined as its antiparticle.  A holon is a charged boson.  A spinon is neutral, charge ½ fermion.  Spinons can bind together with an elastic force in a pair called a magnon.    A holon and a spinon can also bind together. By changing the surface energy of the lattices, you change the way they interact. For example, by lowering the surface energy of graphene oxide membrane you can make it super hydrophilic and change the color.  The collective behavior of charged particles confined within a two dimensional lattice gives rise to photons at the edges.  How many more dimensions are needed to produce gravity?

Today it possible to create allotropes of elements and compounds held together by electronic lattices that where declared to be impossible in the last century.  Look at the solid allotropes of Xenon and hydrogen.  Who would have dreamed living in a world with everything from Fermi degenerate plasmas of electrons or hydrogen ions to chiral A-A layering of graphene?  Everything is now possible.  Earth could be made into a paradise for everyone with just some graphene oxide, but who would believe?

Monday, April 16, 2012

Energy Harvesting Using Graphene Oxide

It is an open secret that you can use graphene oxide to harvest or scavenge energy from the environment. You can read about how to convert the energy from the forms you do not want to the forms you need. Who holds the secrets to the universe? Apparently, it is Google Scholar. Is it to simplistic to think that the solution to our problems lies there? Why do people watch the propaganda in the media instead of searching for the truth? Graphene oxide can so be used to purify water and do so many things that it is hard to imagine how civilization can possibly survive without it.  Why are children taught to hate mathematics and science rather than to love the good it could do if only people could imagine the potential they have within themselves? Why are children taught to hate rather than to love each other? Ignorance can never render justice.   

Graphene and Related Two Dimensional Materials

A lecture by A. K. Geim of the University of Manchester, which was given on 2 June, 1911. 
 


Friday, April 6, 2012

Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide can be used as a filter to purify water as explained by the Manchester Group. Here is the link. 

Thursday, April 5, 2012

A Graphene Energy Scavaging Device

There is a graphene device which harvests energy from the environment to generate electricity.  Here is the paper describing it. The basic idea is to create asymmetrical electrodes so that the charge carriers flow in a preferred direction. When anions come within a certain distance from the graphene, energy is transferred and current flows. The smaller the anions are in the ionic solution, the greater the probabilty they get close and the more current you get. The details are not clear yet.

Sträck Ut Din Hand



Sträck Ut Din Hand  = Stretch Out Your Hand
by Thomas Di Leva

Sträck ut din hand och finn en hand i din = Stretch out your hand and find a hand
 in yours.
så gjorde jag och fann en hand i min. = So I did and found a hand in mine.
Sträck ut din hand. = Stretch out your hand.

Gåtfulla nord, du gör mig förundrad = Mysterious north, you make me amazed.
frihetens tid, lämnar märkliga spår. = Freedom's time, leaving strange tracks.
Ögon av sorg söker himmelens stjärnor = Eye of sorrow searching the stars of heaven
som sprider sitt ljus på den väg där vi går. = who spread their light on the road where we go.

Sträck ut din hand och finn en hand i din = Stretch out your hand and find a hand in yours.
så gjorde jag och fann en hand i min. = So I did and found a hand in mine.
Sträck ut din hand och bygg en mänsklig bro = Stretch out your hand and build a human bridge.
Vi bygger från land till land  = We build from land to land.
Så sträck ut din hand. = So stretch out your hand.

Öppna din famn för restan av världen = Open your arms to the whole world.
Du är en del av allt det som sker. = You are a part of everything that takes place.
Så sprid ut ditt ljus så som himmelens stjärnor = So spread out your light like the stars of heaven.
Ge av dig själv så som stjärnorna ger = Give of your soul as the stars give forth.

Sträck ut din hand och finn en hand i din = Stretch out your hand and find a hand in your.
Så gjorde jag och fann en hand i min = So I did and found a hand in mine.
Sträck ut din hand och bygg en mänsklig bro = Stretch out your hand and build a human bridge.
Vi bygger från land till land  = We build from land to land.
Så sträck ut din hand = So stretch out your hand.

Sträck ut din hand och finn en hand i din = Stretch out your hand and find a hand in yours.
Så gjorde jag och fann en hand i min = So I did and found a hand in mine.
Sträck ut din hand och bygg en mänsklig bro = Stretch out your hand and build a human bridge.

Vi bygger från land till land  = We build from land to land.

Så sträck ut din hand = So stretch out your hand.
Vi bygger från land till land  = We build from land to land.
Så sträck ut din hand = So stretch out your hand.