Fuel Considerations: Should be light weight. Electrons seem like an optimal choice. Easily collected and stored in a superconducting ring.
Construction material: Stable super lattices like graphene and graphane.
Construction techniques: Flux-pinned methodology.
Design: The outer hull is made of graphene and the inner hull is made of graphane. The subsonic intakes, nitrogen ionizer, and noise cancelling layers are made of carbon nanotubes. There is also a ribbon wrapping of bilayer graphene with half populated states and current flowing in opposite directions in the two layers. The accelerator consists of perforated negatively charge layers of graphene. Each layer is progressively larger the further it is from the nitrogen ionizer so as to produce a linear field that causes the maximum number of collisions between the nitrogen ions and the neutral air molecules inside the accelerator. The diamagnetic effects of the graphene help to reduce friction and channel the flow though the openings.
Safety considerations: Nitrogen atoms may be ionized but not oxygen. Linear accelerators may be used but not radial to avoid bremsstrahlung radiation. Likewise, momentum must be harvested from accelerated beams to prevent any possibility of quantum bunching, i.e., vircator like effects, causing bremsstrahlung radiation.
The usual safety instruments:
Construction material: Stable super lattices like graphene and graphane.
Construction techniques: Flux-pinned methodology.
Design: The outer hull is made of graphene and the inner hull is made of graphane. The subsonic intakes, nitrogen ionizer, and noise cancelling layers are made of carbon nanotubes. There is also a ribbon wrapping of bilayer graphene with half populated states and current flowing in opposite directions in the two layers. The accelerator consists of perforated negatively charge layers of graphene. Each layer is progressively larger the further it is from the nitrogen ionizer so as to produce a linear field that causes the maximum number of collisions between the nitrogen ions and the neutral air molecules inside the accelerator. The diamagnetic effects of the graphene help to reduce friction and channel the flow though the openings.
Safety considerations: Nitrogen atoms may be ionized but not oxygen. Linear accelerators may be used but not radial to avoid bremsstrahlung radiation. Likewise, momentum must be harvested from accelerated beams to prevent any possibility of quantum bunching, i.e., vircator like effects, causing bremsstrahlung radiation.
The usual safety instruments:
- A solid state, i.e., no moving parts, spread beam laser range finder to detect objects in the immediate vicinity of the craft.
- A solid state accelerometer and gyroscope for inertial navigation.
- A radio with a retractable, towed array antenna to avoid ionization effects.
- The Back box recorder.
Thermodynamic considerations: Some heat can be converted to electricity for extra fuel. Some heat is converted to sound. Then sound cancelling technology using carbon nanotubes can remove it. The propulsion system is designed so as to only ionize and heat up the air in front of or above the aircraft to decrease drag and increase lift.
The Propulsion System Concepts. Safety considerations should be paramount. There are many methods of transferring momentum from the craft:
- Collisions of accelerated particles, i.e., nitrogen ions, with neutral air particles.
- Diamagnetic effects.
- Indirect transfer from electricity or heat through the radial breathing modes of carbon nanotubes to sound.
- Collisions with shock waves.
- Bournoulli Effects.
- Gravity.
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