Nickel Hydrogen Batteries

This is the best book, I have found on the subject of batteries.  I always wondered what people actually use for batteries given the junk you find in stores. The technology would doubtless have been very different had people known that graphene exits in free form.

Metastable Graphane hydrogen systems as a cold fusion catalyst

Background: Graphane has a phase transition from semiconductor to metallic. Light atomic hydrogen has ordered, metallic phases.

The system:  The reaction vessel is a cavity containing enriched nickel nanotubes and graphane platelets. The cavity is pressurized with light hydrogen gas.  Electrons migrate from the nickel to the hydrogen and graphane platelets. The hydrogen and graphane platelets are swept into the magnetic nanotubes.   

Destabilizing graphane: Many factors contribute to destabilizing graphane.

• 1.       The excess negative charge on the platelet tends to pull it apart. Moving through the magnetic field inside the nanotube is also a factor.
• 2.       The temperature and pressure are increased to near the annealing point of graphane. Orbitals may switch back and forth between sp3 and sp2. The charge carriers may switch to Dirac fermions.  The shape of the molecule changes.
• 3.       Energy may be applied to resonate with the graphane platelets. This may build up until the hydrogen atoms are coherently released.
• 4.       Quantum effects bunch up the platelets and hydrogen.

Principle conjecture: The quantum effect and the multiple types of oscillation induce a local phase changes in the hydrogen. The resulting ordered metallic phase of hydrogen enhances the probability of forming helium-3 while releasing a proton and energy. These trigger the transmutation of the surrounding enriched nickel and the usual observed effects of cold fusion.

The Structure of Graphane

Link to paper.

At present, the chemical structure of graphane is still a mystery.

Crystals of graphane possess lower enthalpy than molecular benzene structures.

Phase transitions from semiconductor to metallic are possible.

A Question for Physicists

What happens when charged, graphane platelets and light hydrogen pass through a magnetic nickel nanotube?   Wouldn’t they bunch up like elections in a vircator and increase the likelihood of four hydrogens combining to produce helium-3, a proton and 7.7MEV? That is my thought for today on the probable nature of the “secret catalyst” or trigger for cold fusion. If this were the "secret catalyst", it would imply the need to keep the operating temperature below that of the annealing temperature of graphane in the hydrogen atmosphere used in the reactor. 

Hint: We change the sp2 orbitals in graphene platelets to sp3 by adding hydrogen atoms and then add extra electrons to get charged, topological insulators.  The resulting platelets and hydrogen gas travel through the magnetic field inside a nickel nanotube.  How difficult can it be to figure out if the platelets bunch up like the electrons in a vircator and how this increases the likelihood of the reaction? Also, do the self-organizing properties of graphene on hydrogen induce ordered phases in the hydrogen?

A Mechanism for the Production of the Helium-3 Found in Cold Fusion

Slides Explaining Cold Fusion as Discovered by the Italians

Applications in NASA of Cold Fusion

Old Historical Stuff about Cold Fusion

My Joke for today

The use of submicron amorphous silicon spheres in the construction of the pyramids of Kufu and Khefern clearly supports the thesis that they are manmade as humans are still using like technology today. However, the absence of reconizable technology in the pyramid of Menkaure may indicate that it is a natural occuring object or made by outer space aliens. Further, Menkaure is the pharoah who upon learning that he had only 6 years to live, left the lights on continuously, so that he could live 12 years in the span of 6. Does this sound like a human?

Home Improvement

My theory about why we have all the nonsense about the Great Pyramid is that Home Depot, Lowes, etc., don't want you to know how to intelligently build anything. They want you to build with their obsolete junk. The reason it so annoying is that it costs me $60 a gallon via UPS to ship a polymer to Hawaii as opposed to their junk paint. What's more, you cannot even select the color because you would have to buy an absurdly large amount. Also, you cannot strengthen the polymer with graphene, because graphene costs $59 dollar a gram. How absurd it that? See this video about what the pyramids are actually built of.

Cymry

Pan wyf ar goll a neb yn medru 'nghyrraedd Ar gefnfor gloes a'm calon yn trymhau Dynesaf at y grym sydd yn wastadol Y cariad rhad sy'n diosg unrhyw ofn Dyrchefir fi i mi gael rhodio'n dalsyth Dyrchefir fi i grwydro glannau oes Cryf rwyf fi pan rodiaf yn Dy gwmni Fe weli Di yr hyn na fedra Dyrchefir fi i mi gael rhodion dalsyth Dyrchefir fi i grwydo glannau oes Cryf rwyf fi pan rodiaf yn Dy gwmni Fe weli Di yr hyn na fedra ti

The Coulomb Barrier

The cross section of the nickel atom is under the conditions of cold fusion is larger than naive calculations would lead you to believe. The reason for this is very simple. The cross section seen by two protons is lower than that seen by one. To figure out the effective cross section one must consider the cross section seen by two, four, and six protons as well as that seen by one. These cross sections are progessively larger, but this is conveniently forgotton by pseudo-critics of cold fusion. The protons are in the range of 6 to 7 Mev. Figure it out for yourself.