Rossi's E-CAT

Hydrogen is pumped into chamber which contains a catalyst mixed with nickel nanoparticles. It has been suggested that among other things the catalyst might convert the diatomic hydrogen to monatomic. Due to a multi-body effect, electrons tend to migrate from the D orbitals in the nickel to the monatomic hydrogen removing the magnetic field and restoring time reversal symmetry, ⁶²Ni(2⁺)   and ⁶⁴Ni(2⁺). Electrostatic attraction pulls the monatomic hydrogen ions into the tubercles in the surface of the nickel nanoparticles enriched with isotopes 62 and 64. When enough accumulate and a resistive heating element increases the temperature and pressure, a phase change occurs that is signaled by a burst of gamma rays between 50 and 200 KEVS which can last up to 20 minutes. The reaction starts at 60-70 degrees Centigrade. The movement of the ions induces a virtual particle current in the proton conductor. What kind of virtual particles, Ettore? An antibonding surface sp band develops below the Fermi level in the nickel.  This facilitates the emission of electrons from lower orbitals in the nickel. Thus, effective hydrogen fusion begins. This is by either h+h yielding he-3 or heavy nickel ion plus proton yielding copper plus alpha.  Furthermore, he-3 plus he-3 can yield he-4 along with double proton emission.  Likewise iron could yield double proton emission.  A string of transmutations are triggered involving  Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, and Cr isotopes. Electrons, protons and near infrared radiation are released along with another burst of gammas when the reaction stops and the reverse phase change occurs.

These are my interpretations. You might try the following book for a physicist's interpretation:

http://www.consulente-energia.com/cold-fusion-book-secrets-e-cat-by-mario-menichella-secret-ecat-andrea-rossi-focardi-energy-catalyzer.html

Dance Music

Light Hydrogen Cold Fusion

 Reports on cold fusion using ordinary light hydrogen indicate:
1. A short duration burst of gamma ray is produced when the reaction commences and when it ends.
2. When the reaction is proceeding, the bremsstrahlung is in the near infrared providing useful heat.
3. Helium-3 is produced, as is detected by firing a laser at a sample to free it.
4. Protons are emitted, as detected by tracks in a cloud chamber.
5. Positrons are not emitted, as indicated by the lack of radiation that would be produced from their annihilation.
6. The proton conductor used must be more than 3 nanometers in size. The size of particles used is said to be approximately 10 nanometers.
7. The length of time required for the reaction to turn on increases with rapidly with the length of the proton conductor.
8. A wide spectrum of other transmutations occur, but mostly iron, copper and a little tin.
9. In nickel experiments, special tubules, i.e., defects in the lattice, are manufactured to facilitate the reaction.
10. The nickel used is enriched with more of the heavier isotopes.
11. Pulses are applied to stimulate the process in self-sustaining mode. In non self-sustaining mode, application of current through a resistive element is used to sustain and control the process.
12. Many catalysts have been tried in attempts to facilitate the process. Raney nickel to produce monatomic hydrogen by Dark Light. Alloys of copper, nickel and zirconium have been used by Ames National Laboratory.
13. Boron is said used technical reasons not related to enhancing the reaction. 


There are 500 theories about why it works and 500 why it does not. That is probably about the same as for room temperature superconductors.  I hope it does not go the way of Texas Instruments Digital Micro-mirror Device from the year 1987. I am still waiting for a laser version that is reliable and costs less than $5999. 

Helium-3 in Hydrogen LENR Experiments

I watched these videos a while ago. Somewhere in one of them there is remark about Helium-3. Someone believes that helium-3 in light water experiments performs a role similar to helium-4 in heavy water and related gaseous phase LENR experiments. Recall the 1996 Nobel prize. It is hypothesized that Majorana virtual particles can be created by marrying a high temperature superconductor with a topological insulator.

A song for today

James Patterson

Energy from nickel like Rossi, but not enriched nickel and way back in 1996:

Today's E-CAT Test

Cold Fusion

Brev Till Rossi


G Bm 
Andrea Rossi jag är ditt fan 
C D 
du byggde magisk box av bly och järn 
G Bm 
och fyllde den med lite nickel 
C D 
jag läste ny tekniks artikel 


C G 
men några tror att det är scam 
E Am 
men jag är inte en av däm 


D E 
för jag vill se en bättre värld 
Am D 
med fri energi och rent vatten 
C G 
medan kritikerna knaprar hatten 


Det var ju synd med Defkalion 
men du var ändå inte värd dom 


du tjänar snart en hel biljon 
på ekatter med kall fusion 


och Rossi du är ej felfri 
du visste inte om grekisk ekonomi 


för jag vill se en bättre värld...





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LENR in a Nutshell

These care just my thoughts based on things I read about LENR. LENR effects occur when a (proton) conductor crystal usually based on nickel or palladium undergoes a phase transition becoming an insulator. The insulator phase is characterized by a uniform energy distribution in the wave function preventing ionic conduction and facilitating Umklapp processes. The size of the crystal lattice determines the ionic tunneling time in the insulator phase. Crystal dimension of 60 nm produce a 3 millisecond tunneling time. Tunneling time increases drastically with larger crystal sizes, i.e., LENR reactions are not observed in a crystal size less than 6 nm. In the insulator phase, gamma rays are absorbed through the coherent quantum Umklapp processes which provide the collective momentum required for LENR and restrict the generated phonons to the surface giving the illusion that the effect is a product of the surface conditions, the so-called Nuclear Active Region. Second order effects such as spellation, neutron emission, etc. obscure the basic phenomena to some people's minds. The phase transition to and from the insulator phase is marked by the release of a burst of gamma rays. The key sustained energy release is maintaining the uniform energy distribution of the wave function. Multiple small reaction chambers are used to help keep the temperature stable and low enough to prevent melting of the alloy. In nickel-hydrogen systems, energy production is in large part due to the beta decay of intermediate transmutation products back into nickel. Final transmutation products include 11% iron, 10% copper and small amounts of tin in the case of the E-CAT which uses a catalyst. Proton release has been detected through the use of cloud chambers. I wonder whether double proton emission and chain reactions occur. Gamma rays from positron annihilation were not detected. I wonder what Preparata and Majorana would say about this, but I presume they are dead. Majorana particles released? Who can doubt it or him! Sakarov would ask if cosmic rays are involved. Does it work a thousand feet underground? Edmund said that Rossi was just looking for a catalyst to combine hydogen with carbon di and monoxide. Rossi says he knew he had something when he burnt his hand. Haha!!